Abstract
This article focuses on the translation of anthropology terms, the meanings of which do not coincide in the Russian and English languages despite their sound-graphic similarity. It is applied to such terms as ethnology, ethnography, anthropology and their Russian analogies: антропология, этнология, этнография. To study the anthropology terms, the authors used a pragmatic approach, according to which terminology is viewed as a system that shapes an academic text. The translation of these terms is determined by their specificity. Currently, the main research center of Russian ethnology is the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences; its name reflects the traditional approach to the interpretation of the terms of this academic discipline, where ethnology embraces a socio-cultural aspect of the study of man, whereas anthropology (a.k.a. physical anthropology in the United States) deals with the biological issues. Although anthropology is inseparably linked with biology, at the same time, it is closely connected with social sciences as well. From this point of view, anthropology crowns natural sciences. The result of the research has shown that after establishing discrepancies in the system of concepts expressed in terms of native and foreign languages, the inter-language harmonization of terminology within the framework of comparative terminology is possible.